SuddenHook

Yahya Sobh-e Azal, Mirza

2005-04-04T14:11:00.000-07:00

Yahya was the designated successor of Sayyid Ali Muhammad, a Shi'i sectarian leader known as the Bab (Arabic: “gate,” referring to one who has access to the hidden imam). The Bab was executed in 1850, and by the following year his followers

Durban

2005-04-03T05:36:00.000-07:00

Formerly Port Natal, largest city of KwaZulu/Natal province, South Africa, and chief seaport of South Africa, located on Natal Bay of the Indian Ocean. European settlement began with a band of Cape Colony traders led by Francis G. Farewell, who charted the port in 1824 and named the site Port Natal. Land was ceded to the group by Shaka, the Zulu king (whose right to take that action is disputed), and the

Wright, Laura Maria Sheldon

2005-04-02T08:31:00.000-08:00

Laura Sheldon played as a child with local Native American children, among whom she began holding prayer meetings at age 10. After

Babergh

2005-04-01T09:44:00.000-08:00

District, administrative and historic county of Suffolk, England. Babergh extends across the southern part of Suffolk. Babergh includes much of the area made familiar by the paintings of John Constable (1776–1837), who was born within the district at East Bergholt and whose family owned mills there and at Flatford. It also includes a group of small towns—Lavenham, Lindsey, and

Fagunwa, D.o.

2005-04-01T04:19:00.000-08:00

Fagunwa's first novel, Ogboju Ode Ninu Igbo Irunmale (1938; The Forest of a Thousand Daemons), was the first full-length novel published in the Yoruba language. His second

Uchimura Kanzo

2005-03-31T17:26:00.000-08:00

Uchimura came from a samurai (warrior) family and studied (1878–81) at the Sapporo Agricultural School (now Hokkaido University), where he was converted to Christianity. After several years' service in the government as

Hindi Language

2005-03-30T09:13:00.000-08:00

Official language of the Republic of India, a central Indo-Aryan language claimed as a mother tongue by some 180,000,000 speakers in India. There are also significant numbers of Hindi speakers outside of India, including nearly 1,000,000 in South Africa, 700,000 in Mauritius, 350,000 in Bangladesh, 235,000 in Yemen, and 150,000 in Uganda. Many more hundreds of thousands speak Hindi as a second language. Literary Hindi, written

Belawan

2005-03-30T00:44:00.000-08:00

Also called Belewan Deli the most important port in northeastern Sumatra, Indonesia, located on Belawan Island at the estuary of the Deli and Belawan rivers in Sumatera Utara provinsi (“province”). The port was originally dredged and constructed by the Dutch in the first two decades of the 20th century. It exports tobacco, rubber, tea, resin, copra, spices, palm oil, and sisal, and it imports foodstuffs

Priesthood, Jainism and Buddhism

2005-03-29T17:34:00.000-08:00

In Jainism and Buddhism, arising within Brahmanism as nontheistic sectarian movements, the Brahman priesthood was sublimated and the Vedic caste and sacrifice eliminated. In their place a monastic system was evolved, with monks and nuns devoted primarily to rigorous asceticism in the quest of perfection and in the pursuit of chastity and truthfulness. Complete

Mordvin

2005-03-28T04:18:00.000-08:00

Also called Mordvinian, member of a people speaking a Finno-Ugric language of the Uralic language family and living mainly in Mordvinia republic and other parts of the middle Volga River region of Russia. Under the Soviet government the Mordvins were given some autonomy in 1928, and a Mordvinian autonomous republic, which lasted from 1934 to 1991, had its capital at Saransk. The Mordvin numbered about

öræfajökull

2005-03-28T03:59:00.000-08:00

Ice-covered volcanic massif, southeastern Iceland. It lies at the southern end of the giant ice field of Vatnajökull (q.v.). Its highest peak, Mount Hvannadals, reaches an elevation of 6,952 feet (2,119 m) above sea level and is also the highest peak in Iceland.

Paarl

2005-03-27T18:36:00.000-08:00

Town, Western Cape province, South Africa, east of Cape Town, on the Groot-Berg River between the Paarl Mountain and the Drakenstein Range. Settled in 1688 by Huguenots, who introduced viticulture, it is still known for its vineyards and wine making; it also produces citrus fruits, tobacco, and olives. Manufactures include cigarettes, textiles, and processed foods. Paarl is

Arabian Desert

2005-03-26T23:02:00.000-08:00

Great desert region occupying almost the entire Arabian Peninsula. Covering an area of about 900,000 square miles (2,300,000 square km), it is bordered on the north by the Syrian Desert, on the northeast and east by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the southeast and south by the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and on the west by the Red Sea. A large part of the Arabian Desert lies within

France, History Of, Recovery and reunification, 142983

2005-03-26T07:29:00.000-08:00

The coronation of Charles VII was the last pivotal event of the Hundred Years' War. From Reims the king's army moved on triumphantly, winning capitulations from Laon, Soissons, and many lesser places and even threatening Paris before disbanding. The popular devotion to monarchy that had produced Joan was undermining English positions almost everywhere in France;

Harding

2005-03-25T19:52:00.000-08:00

County, northeastern New Mexico, U.S., bordered on the west by the Canadian River and its steep canyon. The county lies in the Great Plains, with the eastern area merging to the High Plains. Mesas, cliffs, and high hills rise from the landscape; Ute Creek flows southward through Harding county, receiving waters from Tequesquite Creek. The Kiowa National Grassland covers

Handlin, Oscar

2005-03-25T04:01:00.000-08:00

The son of Jewish immigrant parents, Handlin graduated from Brooklyn College in 1934 and earned his M.A. degree from Harvard University in 1935. He then taught history at Brooklyn College (1936–38) and joined the history faculty at Harvard in

Jackson, Reggie

2005-03-24T20:00:00.000-08:00

Jackson was encouraged in sports by his father and became a star athlete at Cheltenham High School in Pennsylvania, excelling in track and football as well as baseball. He was a good pitcher as well as a hitter, batting and throwing left-handed. He continued his athletic career at Arizona State University

National Museum Of Western Art

2005-03-23T11:34:00.000-08:00

The basis of the collection was a group of more than 400 French paintings, sculptures, and drawings that had been collected by Matsukata Kojiro but held by the French government during World War II.

Pippin Iii

2005-03-23T11:28:00.000-08:00

The pope was in need of aid. Aistulf, king of the Lombards, had seized Ravenna with its lands, known as the exarchate. Soon, Lombard troops marched south, surrounded Rome, and prepared to lay siege to its walls. So matters stood when in 752 Zacharias died and Stephen II became pope. In November 753 Pope Stephen made his way over the stormy mountain passes to Frankish territory. He

Computers, The Internet

2005-03-22T07:17:00.000-08:00

The Internet grew out of funding by the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), later renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), to develop a communication system among government and academic computer-research laboratories. The first network component, ARPANET, became operational in October 1969. With only 15 nongovernment (university) sites

Heifetz, Jascha

2005-03-21T03:59:00.000-08:00

Heifetz studied violin from age three and at six performed Felix Mendelssohn's Violin

Anouk Aimée

2005-03-20T05:38:00.000-08:00

The daughter of an actor and actress, Anouk Aimée made her first film appearance at the age of 14 in La Maison sous la mer (1946; “The House on the Sea”). After making an impression as a Juliet figure in the 1948 film Les Amants de Vérone (The Lovers of Verona), a role written especially for

Ae

2005-03-20T05:23:00.000-08:00

After attending the Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin, where he met the poet William Butler Yeats, Russell

Mckinley, John

2005-03-19T17:09:00.000-08:00

After practicing law briefly in Kentucky, where he grew up, McKinley settled in Huntsville, Alabama, then a centre of planting and political interests, in 1818. In 1820 he was elected to the Alabama state legislature and two years later, despite the support

Roberts, Kate

2005-03-19T16:12:00.000-08:00

Roberts set her works in the quarrying districts of North Wales and in the mining villages of South Wales, where poverty is usually the harsh determinant

Amontons, Guillaume

2005-03-18T13:45:00.000-08:00

Amontons is often credited with having discovered the laws of friction (1699), though in fact his work dealt solely with static friction—i.e., the friction of objects at rest. It was only after the English physicist Sir Isaac

Aung San

2005-03-18T08:12:00.000-08:00

Born

Shimada

2005-03-17T11:39:00.000-08:00

City, Shizuoka ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the lower Oi River. During the Tokugawa era (1603–1867) it was an important post town on the Tokaido (Eastern Sea Highway) because fording the river was both difficult and dangerous. Since the early 20th century the city has become a trade centre for timber from the forest-covered Akaishi Range upstream. Shimada contains several large paper

Ramenskoye

2005-03-17T10:32:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ramenskoje , or Ramenskoe city and centre of a rayon (sector), Moscow oblast (province), western Russia. It lies southeast of the city of Moscow. In the 1820s Ramenskoye became the site of one of Russia's first cotton factories and soon developed as an industrial village. Incorporated in 1926, the city is now a textile and engineering centre as well as a residential suburb of Moscow. It has a medical school and

Culross

2005-03-17T01:32:00.000-08:00

Small, picturesque royal burgh (town) in Fife council area and historic county, Scotland, on the northern bank of the Firth of Forth. The burgh has early religious associations with the Celtic saints Serf and Mungo (5th century). A Cistercian abbey was founded there in 1217, and its tower and choir remain in the parish church. The burgh is a remarkable example of 16th- and 17th-century

Málaga

2005-03-16T22:12:00.000-08:00

Sweet, usually red, fortified wine that originated in the southern Spanish Mediterranean coastal province from which it takes its name. The term may also be applied generically to any of a variety of heavy, sweet red wines, including certain kosher wines served at Jewish celebrations. The best Spanish Málaga is made from muscat grapes and from the variety known as

Salgado, Sebastião

2005-03-15T17:33:00.000-08:00

Salgado was the only son of a cattle rancher who wanted him to become a lawyer. Instead, he studied economics at São Paulo University, earning a master's degree in 1968. While working as an economist for the Ministry of Finance (1968–69), he joined the

Seti Ii

2005-03-14T18:12:00.000-08:00

Upon his death, Seti was succeeded by Siptah

China, Phase one

2005-03-14T15:08:00.000-08:00

As never before in modern times, the Chinese united themselves against a foreign enemy. China's standing armies in 1937 numbered some 1,700,000 men, with 500,000 in reserve. Japan's naval and air superiority were unquestioned. But Japan could not commit its full strength to campaigns in China; the main concern of the Japanese Army was the Soviet Union, while for the Japanese Navy it was the

Race, The persistence of race

2005-03-14T00:08:00.000-08:00

Race also continues to be the focus of discourse on specific topics. Among these are IQ, as in Steven Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (1981); Mark Snyderman and Stanley Rothman, The IQ Controversy: The Media and Public Policy (1988); and Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (1994); and sports, as in John Hoberman, Darwin's Athletes: How Sport Has Damaged Black America and Preserved the Myth of Race (1997); and Jon Entine, Taboo: Why Black Athletes Dominate Sports and Why We Are Afraid to Talk About It (2000).

Chaney, Lon

2005-03-13T15:37:00.000-08:00

Chaney's skills as a silent-film actor were honed during his childhood, when he learned to communicate with his deaf-mute parents through facial expression, pantomime, and sign

Argyle, Lake

2005-03-13T09:30:00.000-08:00

Formed by the Ord River Dam (1972), it has a storage capacity of 204,719,140,000 cubic feet (5,797,000,000 cubic m). The dam, fed by the 300-mile (480-kilometre) Ord River, measures 325 feet (99 m) high and 1,119 feet (341 m) long. Lake Argyle is the main reservoir in the Ord River Irrigation Scheme, a public works project dating from 1945 and

China, Tung (Eastern) Han

2005-03-12T20:55:00.000-08:00

The Han house was restored by Liu Hsiu, better known as Kuang-wu ti, who reigned from AD 25 to 57/58. His claim had been contested by another member of the Liu house, Liu Hsüan—better known as Liu Keng-shih—who had been actually enthroned for two years, until his death in the course of turbulent civil fighting. Ch'ang-an had been virtually destroyed by warfare, and Kuang-wu ti established

Duarte, Fausto (castilho)

2005-03-12T20:12:00.000-08:00

Duarte was educated under the official program of assimilaçao (“assimilation”), which after 1921 had social and political equality for Africans in the Portuguese sphere of influence as a goal. He was then

Wandsworth

2005-03-11T19:22:00.000-08:00

Inner borough of London, lying west of Lambeth and stretching for 5 miles (8 km) along the south bank of the River Thames. Wandsworth was established in 1965 by merging the former metropolitan borough of Battersea with approximately two-thirds of what then constituted Wandsworth (the remainder of which went to Lambeth). The present borough includes such districts as (roughly

Spahn, Warren

2005-03-11T06:04:00.000-08:00

In full Warren Edward Spahn American professional baseball player whose total of 363 major-league victories established a record for left-handed pitchers. His feat of winning 20 or more games in each of 13 seasons also was a record for left-handers. He set still another mark by striking out at least 100 batters each year for 17 consecutive seasons

Rachmaninoff, Sergey

2005-03-11T03:08:00.000-08:00

In full Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff , Rachmaninoff also spelled Rakhmaninov , or Rachmaninov composer who was the last great figure of the tradition of Russian Romanticism and a leading piano virtuoso of his time. He is especially known for his piano concerti and the piece for piano and orchestra entitled Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini (1954). (Click here for an

Coral

2005-03-10T22:36:00.000-08:00

Stony corals (order Madreporaria or Scleractinia) number

Hokan Languages

2005-03-09T15:08:00.000-08:00

Major group, or phylum, of American Indian languages; it includes three families of Meso-American Indian languages and 14 families of North American Indian languages. The Meso-American groups are Tequistlatec (two languages in Oaxaca, Mex.), Tlapanecan (one living language in Guerrero, Mex., and an extinct one in Nicaragua), and Jicaque (spoken in Honduras). The North American

John, Augustus

2005-03-09T06:38:00.000-08:00

John studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in London from 1894 to 1898. By age 20 he had won a reputation as one of the most brilliant draughtsmen in England. His portraits and other paintings done around 1900 gained attention

Arts, South Asian, Indian sculpture from the 1st to 4th centuries AD: Andhradesa

2005-03-08T03:26:00.000-08:00

Besides the schools of Mathura and Gandhara, a most accomplished school of sculpture flourished in Andhradesa during the three centuries after Christ, the most important centres being Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda. The remains consist mainly of carved railings and rectangular slabs that decorated the great Buddhist stupas, which have largely disappeared. The finds are

Astley, Thea

2005-03-07T22:55:00.000-08:00

Astley graduated from the University of Queensland in 1947 and taught English in Queensland (1944–48) and New South Wales (1948–67) and at Macquarie University in Sydney (1968–80). Drawing

Bukit Fraser

2005-03-07T06:36:00.000-08:00

Formerly Frasers Hill, mountain resort in the Main Range, West Malaysia (Malaya). It lies 40 miles (65 km) north of Kuala Lumpur, at an elevation of 4,280 feet (1,305 m). The site was named for Louis James Fraser, a trader and mule-train operator who disappeared in the area in 1916. The hill station, built on seven hills, was surveyed in 1919 and later developed by the Federated Malay States. The resort is reached via Kuala Kubu Baharu

Greek Literature, Historical works

2005-03-06T17:41:00.000-08:00

Conscious as they were of their classical and biblical past, the Byzantines wrote much history. Until the early 7th century a series of historians recounted the events of their own time in classicizing style, with fictitious speeches and set descriptive pieces, in a genre that owed much to the classical Greek historians Thucydides and Polybius. Procopius, Agathias,

Marquesas Islands

2005-03-06T17:32:00.000-08:00

French Îles Marquises, pair of volcanic clusters in French Polynesia in the central South Pacific, 740 mi (1,200 km) northeast of Tahiti. The southeastern group includes Hiva Oa (q.v.), largest and most populated and the burial place of the French artist Paul Gauguin; Fatu Hiva and Tahuata, each about 23 sq mi (60 sq km) and both rising to about 3,300 ft (1,005 m); and the uninhabited Motane and Fatu Huku. The northwestern group

Eadbald

2005-03-05T01:44:00.000-08:00

King of Kent, who succeeded his father Aethelberht in 616. He had not been influenced by the teaching of the Christian missionaries, and his first step on his accession was to marry his father's widow. After his subsequent conversion by Laurentius, archbishop of Canterbury, he built a church in Canterbury dedicated to the Virgin Mary. He arranged a marriage between

Indo-hittite Languages

2005-03-04T15:35:00.000-08:00

Hypothetical family of languages composed of the Indo-European and Anatolian languages. The term Indo-Hittite was proposed by scholars who believed that Hittite and the other closely related Anatolian languages represented a language branch coordinate with all the other Indo-European languages combined, rather than forming another branch coordinate with

Davenport, Edward Loomis

2005-03-04T05:28:00.000-08:00

In spite of family opposition, Davenport went on the stage, making his debut in 1836 under the stage name Mr. E. Dee, playing Parson

Exterminator

2005-03-03T19:40:00.000-08:00

Byname Old Bones (foaled 1915), American racehorse (Thoroughbred), a dependable and durable horse who won 50 of 100 races in eight seasons. Because of the length of his career and his extraordinary ability to win sprints and long-distance races under heavy weights, some horsemen considered him superior to Man o' War, his greatest contemporary and doubtless the fastest American horse of the time.

Katsuta

2005-03-03T16:33:00.000-08:00

City, Ibaraki ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the Naka River, northeast of Mito, the prefectural capital. The city developed rapidly as an industrial site for the Hitachi Company, Ltd., after 1940, mainly producing electric locomotives and other electric machinery. Pop. (1992 est.) 112,650.

Alegría, Claribel

2005-03-02T21:11:00.000-08:00

Poet, essayist, and journalist who was a major voice in the literature of contemporary Central America. Noted for her testimonio (testament) concerning the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua, she was best known in the United States for the bilingual edition of her volume of poetry, Flores del volcán/Flowers from the Volcano (1982), translated by the

Armstrong, John

2005-03-02T17:16:00.000-08:00

Armstrong fought in the American Revolution (1775–83) and, as an officer in the Continental Army, was apparently the author of the Newburgh Addresses attacking Congress. After

Nord-pas-de-calais

2005-03-01T22:46:00.000-08:00

Région, encompassing the northernmost French départements of Nord and Pas-de-Calais. The capital is Lille. The région is bounded by the départements of Somme and Aisne to the south. The English Channel lies to the northwest and Belgium to the northeast. Flatlands predominate in the north, with much of the land lying below sea level. The hills of Cambrais and Avesnois

Hand, Learned

2005-03-01T04:51:00.000-08:00

In full Billings Learned Hand American jurist whose tough and sometimes profound mind, philosophical skepticism, and faith in the United States were employed throughout a record tenure as a federal judge (52 years, from April 10, 1909, until his death). Although he was never a justice of the Supreme Court, he is generally considered to have been a greater judge than all but a

Wu Ch'eng-en

2005-03-01T04:48:00.000-08:00

Wu received a traditional Confucian education and became known for his clever composition of poetry and prose in the classical style. Throughout his life he displayed

Madi

2005-02-28T01:12:00.000-08:00

Primarily hoe cultivators with millet as their staple crop, the Madi also fish, hunt, and keep cattle; smithing is an important

Durgapur

2005-02-27T07:14:00.000-08:00

City, southern West Bengal state, northeastern India, just north of the Damodar River. Connected by road and rail with Calcutta (Kolkata), Burdwan, and Asansol, Durgapur is one of India's chief steel-producing centres. The main steel plant went into operation in 1962, and the population grew dramatically. Other major industries include a coal washery, an alloy and special steel

Lahnda Language

2005-02-27T05:52:00.000-08:00

Also called Jatki, or Western Panjabi, language belonging to the western group of Indo-Aryan languages and spoken mainly in the western Punjab, Pakistan. One of the most important of its numerous dialects is Multani. Lahnda has a large number of Persian and Arabic loanwords and shares features with Kashmiri and Sindhi. There is little recorded literature in the language. The Muslims use the Persian form

Wilderness, Battle Of The

2005-02-26T20:01:00.000-08:00

(May 5–7, 1864), in the American Civil War, first stage of a carefully planned Union campaign to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. Crossing the Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Virginia, early in May, General Ulysses S. Grant advanced with a Union army of 115,000 men. On May 5 he met a Confederate army of 62,000 troops under General Robert E. Lee. The confrontation occurred

Quack Grass

2005-02-26T06:56:00.000-08:00

Quack grass has long, yellowish-white

Béranger, Pierre-jean De

2005-02-25T11:10:00.000-08:00

Béranger was active in his father's business enterprises until they failed. He then found work as a clerk at the University of Paris (1809). He led a marginal

Carlowitz, Treaty Of

2005-02-24T23:53:00.000-08:00

In the late summer of 1697, the Ottoman

Irish Rebellion

2005-02-24T21:59:00.000-08:00

During 1795 an alliance between radicals and discontented sections of the working class had brought a new association of United Irishmen into being; it was secret and organized on military lines and aimed at a radical reform of the Irish Parliament and “a national

Affective Fallacy

2005-02-24T21:32:00.000-08:00

Those who support the affective criterion

Wen Ti

2005-02-22T23:58:00.000-08:00

Among numerous legends about Wen Ti, he is said to have had 17 reincarnations, during

Berenice

2005-02-22T10:43:00.000-08:00

Daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe I of Egypt. She was married to the Seleucid ruler Antiochus II Theos, supplanting his first wife, Laodice, whose children she persuaded him to bar from the succession to the throne in favour of her own. Laodice, however, persuaded Antiochus to come to Ephesus (in Asia Minor), where he died in 246, perhaps a victim of her intrigues.

Aegis

2005-02-22T10:29:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Egis, plural Aegises, or Egises, in ancient Greece, leather cloak or breastplate generally associated with Zeus, the king of the gods, and thus thought to possess supernatural power. Zeus's daughter Athena adopted the aegis for ordinary dress. Occasionally, another god used it—e.g., Apollo in the Iliad, where it provoked terror. As early as Homer the aegis was more than an ordinary goatskin cloak, for it

Ampthill (of Ampthill), Odo William Leopold Russell, 1st Baron

2005-02-22T09:38:00.000-08:00

A member of a prominent family, Russell as a youth became fluent in French, German, and Italian through tutoring and wide travel and also acquired the social gifts for a diplomatic career. He served in a variety of posts in Vienna, Paris, Constantinople,

Earth, Reversals of the main field

2005-02-21T19:08:00.000-08:00

The Earth's internal magnetic field has not always been oriented as it is today. The direction of the dipole component reverses, on an average, about every 300,000 to 1,000,000 years. This reversal is very sudden on a geologic time scale, apparently taking about 5,000 years. The time between reversals is highly variable, sometimes occurring in less than 40,000 years and at other times remaining steady

Schumann, Clara

2005-02-21T14:39:00.000-08:00

Encouraged by her father, she studied piano from the age of five and by 1835 had established a reputation throughout Europe as a child prodigy. In 1838 she was honoured by the Austrian court and also was elected to the prestigious Society

Sibiu

2005-02-20T04:22:00.000-08:00

Sibiu was initially a Roman city (Cibinium), whose name was derived from the

Qanat

2005-02-20T03:16:00.000-08:00

Also spelled kanat (Arabic), Persian karez , Berber Arabic foggara ancient type of water-supply system developed and still used in arid regions of the world. A qanat taps underground mountain water sources trapped in and beneath the upper reaches of alluvial fans and channels the water downhill through a series of tunnels, often several kilometres long, to the places where it is needed for irrigation and domestic use. The development

Raaff, Anton

2005-02-19T17:09:00.000-08:00

Raaff received some vocal experience while being trained for the priesthood as a young man, then in 1736 he began studying with Giovanni Battista Ferrandini in Munich and later with Antonio Bernacchi of Bologna. His career over the next several years took him to Florence, Venice, Bonn,

Laghouat

2005-02-19T00:39:00.000-08:00

Town and oasis north-central Algeria, at the southern edge of the Saharan Atlas, on the route linking Algiers with central Africa. The oasis (625 acres [253 hectares]) was probably settled in the 11th century after the Banu Hilal invaders, supported by the Fatimids of Egypt, crossed the area. Laghouat subsequently passed through Moroccan and Turkish hands and was divided by two warring

Printmaking, Lift-ground etching (sugar-lift aquatint)

2005-02-18T07:46:00.000-08:00

In lift-ground etching, a positive image is etched on an aquatint plate by drawing with a water-soluble ground. In the conventional aquatint technique, the artist controls the image by stopping out negative areas with varnish, thus working around the positive image. But for lift-ground etching, he uses a viscous liquid (such as India ink, gamboge, or ordinary poster paint

Hamasah

2005-02-18T06:25:00.000-08:00

The anthology consists of 10 books, containing,

Clisson, Olivier De

2005-02-17T10:24:00.000-08:00

Brought up in England, Clisson fought on the English side for the Breton duke John IV (or V; John of Montfort) against the French-supported Charles of Blois

Tiznit

2005-02-17T07:57:00.000-08:00

Town, provincial capital, and province, Sud region, Morocco. The town lies near the Atlantic coast and the Tachilla and Ouarzemimene mountains of the Anti-Atlas range. It was founded in 1882 during the reign of Maulay Hasan as a military base from which he launched expeditions to subdue the peoples of the Oued (river) Sous region and the neighbouring mountainous areas. Tiznit

Wajda, Andrzej

2005-02-16T15:49:00.000-08:00

Wajda became interested in the visual arts when working as assistant to a restorer of old church paintings in Radom. He studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, then film

Subsidy

2005-02-16T07:59:00.000-08:00

A direct or indirect payment, economic concession, or privilege granted by a government to private firms, households, or other governmental units in order to promote a public objective. Identification of a subsidy is often complicated because of the variety of subsidy instruments, the multiplicity of the objectives they are designed to serve, and the complexity

Baseball

2005-02-15T14:29:00.000-08:00

In January former

Backbone Mountain

2005-02-15T03:14:00.000-08:00

Highest point in Maryland, U.S., reaching an elevation of 3,360 feet (1,024 metres). It is located on a ridge of the Allegheny and Appalachian mountains, located in Garrett county 12 miles (19 km) south of Oakland. The ridge is 35 miles (56 km) long and extends southwestward into Preston and Tucker counties of West Virginia.

Johnson, Samuel

2005-02-14T16:00:00.000-08:00

Samuel Johnson was the son of Michael Johnson, a bookseller, and his wife, Sarah. From childhood he suffered from a number of physical afflictions and could have spoken, as had the 18th-century English poet Alexander Pope, of “this long disease my life.” By his own account, he was born “almost dead,” and he early contracted scrofula (tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands). Because

Sinuiju

2005-02-14T01:51:00.000-08:00

City, northwestern North Korea. It was developed during the Japanese occupation (1910–45) at the Korean terminus of a railway bridge across the Yalu (Amnok) River, 7 miles (11 km) west of the old city of Uiju (Sinuiju meaning “New Uiju”). An open port, 25 miles (40 km) from the mouth of the Yalu River, it grew commercially with the lumber industry, which uses the river to transport the logs from inland forests.

Grunge

2005-02-13T08:57:00.000-08:00

Influenced by punk rock, by

Epistemology, Occurrent versus dispositional conceptions of knowledge

2005-02-13T06:12:00.000-08:00

A distinction closely related to the previous one is that between occurrent and dispositional conceptions of knowledge. The difference between occurrences and dispositions can be illustrated with respect to sugar. A sugar cube will dissolve if put into water. One can thus say that, even if the cube is not now dissolving as it sits on the table, it will do so under certain

Polab

2005-02-12T10:45:00.000-08:00

By the early 9th century the

Arabian Religion, South Arabia

2005-02-12T05:55:00.000-08:00

The name of the Venus god 'Athtar corresponds to that of the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar (Venus). Hawbas, a goddess, was his consort (but seems

Tuamotu Archipelago

2005-02-10T07:36:00.000-08:00

French Îles Tuamotu, also called Paumotu, island group of French Polynesia, central South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago comprises 75 atolls, one raised coral atoll (Makatea), and innumerable coral reefs, roughly dispersed northwest-southeast as a double chain for over 900 miles (1,450 km). The islands, save for Makatea, are entirely flat with little freshwater. The largest atoll of the group is Rangiroa, which consists

Sinkiang, Uygur Autonomous Region Of

2005-02-10T06:47:00.000-08:00

Far to the northwest of the heartland of Chinese civilization, the Sinkiang region was thinly populated by herdsmen and oasis farmers organized into small kingdoms and tribal alliances. Southern Sinkiang came under the loose control of the Western Han dynasty in about 100 BC, when an extension of the Great Wall was built 300 miles west of the present Kansu-Sinkiang border.

Latreille, Pierre-andré

2005-02-10T00:46:00.000-08:00

Although he was a devoted student of natural history, Latreille was educated for the priesthood and was ordained in Paris in 1786. Publication of his Précis des caractères géné

Park, Maud Wood

2005-02-09T11:17:00.000-08:00

Park attended St. Agnes School in Albany, New York, and after graduating in 1887 she taught school for eight years. She then attended Radcliffe College,

Ducas Family

2005-02-09T08:38:00.000-08:00

Ducas also spelled Dukas or Doukas Byzantine family that supplied several rulers to the empire. First prominent in the 10th century, the family suffered a setback when Constantine Ducas, son of General Andronicus Ducas, lost his life attempting to become emperor in 913. Another Ducas family, perhaps connected with the earlier one through the female line, appeared toward the end of the 10th century. A member

Wickford

2005-02-08T23:09:00.000-08:00

Resort village and administrative centre of North Kingstown town (township), Washington county, south-central Rhode Island, U.S., on an inlet of Narragansett Bay. It has an unusually large number of restored colonial and 19th-century buildings, an art colony, and one of the largest marinas in Rhode Island.

Altranstädt, Treaties Of

2005-02-08T00:20:00.000-08:00

Shortly after Augustus was crowned king of Poland (Sept. 15, 1697), he formed an alliance with Denmark and Russia against Sweden (autumn 1699) that precipitated the Second Northern War. Charles,